lean 生產方式
principles. 原則
precisely specify value by specific product. 製品ごとに價値を正確に特定する
identify the value stream for each product. 製品ごとの價値の流れを特定する
make value flow without interruptions. 價値の流れを途切らせない
let customer pull value from the producer. 顧客が生產者から價値を引き出す
pursue perfection. 完璧を追求する
principles. 原則
Value: Specify the value desired by the customer. "Form a team for each product to stick with that product during its entire production cycle", "Enter into a dialogue with the customer" (e.g. Voice of the customer). 價値 : 顧客が求める價値を明示する。「製品每に team を編成し、生產 cycle 全體を通じてその製品にこだはる」、「顧客と對話する」(顧客の聲など)
The Value Stream: Identify the value stream for each product providing that value and challenge all of the wasted steps (generally nine out of ten) currently necessary to provide it. 價値の流れ : 價値を提供する各製品の價値の流れを特定し、その價値を提供する爲に現在必要な全ての無駄な段階 (一般的には 10 段階中 9 段階) に挑戰する
Faulty goods (manufacturing of goods or services that do not meet customer demand or specifications, Womack et al., 2003. See Lean services)
Waste of skills (Six Sigma)
Under-utilizing capabilities (Six Sigma)
Delegating tasks with inadequate training (Six Sigma)
Metrics (working to the wrong metrics or no metrics) (Mika Geoffrey, 1999)
Participation (not utilizing workers by not allowing them to contribute ideas and suggestions and be part of Participative Management) (Mika Geoffrey, 1999)
Computers (improper use of computers: not having the proper software, training on use and time spent surfing, playing games or just wasting time) (Mika Geoffrey, 1999)
Flow: Make the product flow continuously through the remaining value-added steps
Pull: Introduce pull between all steps where continuous flow is possible
Perfection: Manage toward perfection so that the number of steps and the amount of time and information needed to serve the customer continually falls
lean software 開發
principles
Eliminate waste. 無駄を省く
partially done work. 一部だけ終へた作業
extra features. 餘分な機能
relearning. 學び直し
task switching. 仕事の切り替へ
waiting. 待ち
handoffs. 受け渡し
defects. 缺陷
management activities. 管理活動
amplify learning. 學習效果を高める
decide as late as possible. できるだけ遲く決める
deliver as fast as possible. できるだけ早く納品する
empower the team. team に力を与える
build integrity in. 誠實さを構築する
optimize the whole. 全體を最適化する